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Compare Spratly Islands (2008) - Niger (2002)

Compare Spratly Islands (2008) z Niger (2002)

 Spratly Islands (2008)Niger (2002)
 Spratly IslandsNiger
Administrative divisions - 7 departments (departements, singular - departement) and 1 capital district* (capitale district); Agadez, Diffa, Dosso, Maradi, Niamey*, Tahoua, Tillaberi, Zinder
Age structure - 0-14 years: 47.9% (male 2,594,932; female 2,503,867)


15-64 years: 49.8% (male 2,594,307; female 2,706,164)


65 years and over: 2.3% (male 125,898; female 114,576) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products - cowpeas, cotton, peanuts, millet, sorghum, cassava (tapioca), rice; cattle, sheep, goats, camels, donkeys, horses, poultry
Airports 3 (2007) 26 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways total: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2007)		 total: 9


2,438 to 3,047 m: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 6


under 914 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2007)		 total: 18


1,524 to 2,437 m: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 14


under 914 m: 2 (2002)
Area total: less than 5 sq km


land: less than 5 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes 100 or so islets, coral reefs, and sea mounts scattered over an area of nearly 410,000 sq km of the central South China Sea		 total: 1.267 million sq km


land: 1,266,700 sq km


water: 300 sq km
Area - comparative NA slightly less than twice the size of Texas
Background The Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs. They are surrounded by rich fishing grounds and potentially by gas and oil deposits. They are claimed in their entirety by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam, while portions are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines. About 45 islands are occupied by relatively small numbers of military forces from China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam. Brunei has established a fishing zone that overlaps a southern reef but has not made any formal claim. Not until 1993, 35 years after independence from France, did Niger hold its first free and open elections. A 1995 peace accord ended a five-year Tuareg insurgency in the north. Coups in 1996 and 1999 were followed by the creation of a National Reconciliation Council that effected a transition to civilian rule by December 1999.
Birth rate - 49.95 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget - revenues: $320 million, including $134 million from foreign sources


expenditures: $320 million, including capital expenditures of $178 million (2002 est.)
Capital - Niamey
Climate tropical desert; mostly hot, dry, dusty; tropical in extreme south
Coastline 926 km 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution - the constitution of January 1993 was revised by national referendum on 12 May 1996 and again by referendum on 18 July 1999
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Spratly Islands		 conventional long form: Republic of Niger


conventional short form: Niger


local long form: Republique du Niger


local short form: Niger
Currency - Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
Death rate - 22.25 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external - $1.6 billion (1999 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US - chief of mission: Ambassador Gail Dennise Thomas MATHIEU


embassy: Rue Des Ambassades, Niamey


mailing address: B. P. 11201, Niamey


telephone: [227] 72 26 61 through 72 26 64


FAX: [227] 73 31 67, 72-31-46
Diplomatic representation in the US - chief of mission: Ambassador Joseph DIATTA


chancery: 2204 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 483-4224 through 4227


FAX: [1] (202)483-3169
Disputes - international all of the Spratly Islands are claimed by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam; parts of them are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines; in 1984, Brunei established an exclusive fishing zone that encompasses Louisa Reef in the southern Spratly Islands but has not publicly claimed the reef; claimants in November 2002 signed the "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea," which has eased tensions but falls short of a legally binding "code of conduct"; in March 2005, the national oil companies of China, the Philippines, and Vietnam signed a joint accord to conduct marine seismic activities in the Spratly Islands Niger and Benin have refered to the ICJ the dispute over l'Ete and 14 smaller islands in the Niger River, which has never been delimited; the Benin-Niger-Nigeria tripoint remains undemarcated; Lake Chad Basin Commission urges signatories Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria to ratify delimitation treaty over lake region, the site of continuing armed clashes; Libya claims about 19,400 sq km in northern Niger in a currently dormant dispute
Economic aid - recipient - $341 million (1997)


note: the IMF approved a $73 million poverty reduction and growth facility for Niger in 2000 and announced $115 million in debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative (1997)
Economy - overview Economic activity is limited to commercial fishing. The proximity to nearby oil- and gas-producing sedimentary basins suggests the potential for oil and gas deposits, but the region is largely unexplored. There are no reliable estimates of potential reserves. Commercial exploitation has yet to be developed. Niger is a poor, landlocked Sub-Saharan nation, whose economy centers on subsistence agriculture, animal husbandry, reexport trade, and increasingly less on uranium, because of declining world demand. The 50% devaluation of the West African franc in January 1994 boosted exports of livestock, cowpeas, onions, and the products of Niger's small cotton industry. The government relies on bilateral and multilateral aid - which was suspended following the April 1999 coup d'etat - for operating expenses and public investment. In 2000-01, the World Bank approved a structural adjustment loan of $105 million to help support fiscal reforms. However, reforms could prove difficult given the government's bleak financial situation. The IMF approved a $73 million poverty reduction and growth facility for Niger in 2000 and announced $115 million in debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative.
Electricity - consumption - 404.6 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports - 200 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production - 220 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes lowest point: South China Sea 0 m


highest point: unnamed location on Southwest Cay 4 m		 lowest point: Niger River 200 m


highest point: Mont Bagzane 2,022 m
Environment - current issues NA overgrazing; soil erosion; deforestation; desertification; wildlife populations (such as elephant, hippopotamus, giraffe, and lion) threatened because of poaching and habitat destruction
Environment - international agreements - party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea
Ethnic groups - Hausa 56%, Djerma 22%, Fula 8.5%, Tuareg 8%, Beri Beri (Kanouri) 4.3%, Arab, Toubou, and Gourmantche 1.2%, about 1,200 French expatriates
Exchange rates - Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 742.79 (January 2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997); note - from 1 January 1999, the XOF is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF per euro
Executive branch - chief of state: President Mamadou TANDJA (since 22 December 1999); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Mamadou TANDJA (since 22 December 1999); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government; Prime Minister Hama AMADOU (since 31 December 1999) was appointed by the president and shares some executive responsibilities with the president


cabinet: 23-member Cabinet appointed by the president


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; last held 24 November 1999 (next to be held NA 2004); prime minister appointed by the president


election results: Mamadou TANDJA elected president; percent of vote - Mamadou TANDJA 59.9%, Mahamadou ISSOUFOU 40.1%
Exports - $246 million f.o.b. (2001 est.)
Exports - commodities - uranium ore 65%, livestock products, cowpeas, onions (1998 est.)
Exports - partners - France 43.4%, Nigeria 35.0%, Spain 4.5%, US 3.9% (2000)
Fiscal year - calendar year
Flag description - three equal horizontal bands of orange (top), white, and green with a small orange disk (representing the sun) centered in the white band; similar to the flag of India, which has a blue spoked wheel centered in the white band
GDP - purchasing power parity - $8.4 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture: 41%


industry: 17%


services: 42% (2000)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $820 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - 3.1% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates 8 38 N, 111 55 E 16 00 N, 8 00 E
Geography - note strategically located near several primary shipping lanes in the central South China Sea; includes numerous small islands, atolls, shoals, and coral reefs landlocked; one of the hottest countries in the world: northern four-fifths is desert, southern one-fifth is savanna, suitable for livestock and limited agriculture
Heliports 3 (2007) -
Highways - total: 10,100 km


paved: 798 km


unpaved: 9,302 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%: 1%


highest 10%: 35% (1995) (1995)
Imports - $331 million f.o.b. (2001 est.)
Imports - commodities - consumer goods, primary materials, machinery, vehicles and parts, petroleum, cereals
Imports - partners - France 16.8%, Cote d'Ivoire 13.4%, US 9.6%, Nigeria 7.6% (2000)
Independence - 3 August 1960 (from France)
Industrial production growth rate - NA%
Industries - uranium mining, cement, brick, textiles, food processing, chemicals, slaughterhouses
Infant mortality rate - 122.23 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 4.2% (2001 est.)
International organization participation - ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MIPONUH, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 1 (2002)
Irrigated land 0 sq km 660 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch - State Court or Cour d'Etat; Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel
Labor force - 70,000 receive regular wages or salaries
Labor force - by occupation - agriculture 90%, industry and commerce 6%, government 4%
Land boundaries 0 km total: 5,697 km


border countries: Algeria 956 km, Benin 266 km, Burkina Faso 628 km, Chad 1,175 km, Libya 354 km, Mali 821 km, Nigeria 1,497 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (2005)		 arable land: 3.94%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 96.06% (1998 est.)
Languages - French (official), Hausa, Djerma
Legal system - based on French civil law system and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch - unicameral National Assembly (83 seats, members elected by popular vote for five-year terms)


elections: last held 24 November 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - MNSD-Nassara 38, CDS-Rahama 17, PNDS-Tarayya 16, RDP-Jama'a 8, ANDPS-Zaman Lahiya 4
Life expectancy at birth - total population: 41.91 years


male: 42.04 years


female: 41.77 years (2002 est.)
Literacy - definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 15.3%


male: 21.2%


female: 9.4% (2002)
Location Southeastern Asia, group of reefs and islands in the South China Sea, about two-thirds of the way from southern Vietnam to the southern Philippines Western Africa, southeast of Algeria
Map references Southeast Asia Africa
Maritime claims NA none (landlocked)
Military - note Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs of which about 45 are claimed and occupied by China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam -
Military branches - Army, Air Force, Gendarmerie, National Intervention and Security Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $20.9 million (FY01)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 1.3% (FY01)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49: 2,270,793 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49: 1,227,994 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 18 years of age (2002 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males: 108,993 (2002 est.)
National holiday - Republic Day, 18 December (1958)
Nationality - noun: Nigerien(s)


adjective: Nigerien
Natural hazards typhoons; numerous reefs and shoals pose a serious maritime hazard recurring droughts
Natural resources fish, guano, undetermined oil and natural gas potential uranium, coal, iron ore, tin, phosphates, gold, petroleum
Net migration rate - -0.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Political parties and leaders - Democratic Rally of the People-Jama'a or RDP-Jama'a [Hamid ALGABID]; Democratic and Social Convention-Rahama or CDS-Rahama [Mahamane OUSMANE]; National Movement for a Developing Society-Nassara or MNSD-Nassara [Mamadou TANDJA, chairman]; Nigerien Alliance for Democracy and Social Progress-Zaman Lahiya or ANDPS-Zaman Lahiya [Moumouni Adamou DJERMAKOYE]; Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism-Tarayya or PNDS-Tarayya [Mahamadou ISSOUFOU]; Union of Democratic Patriots and Progressives-Chamoua or UPDP-Chamoua [Professor Andre' SALIFOU, chairman]
Political pressure groups and leaders - NA
Population no indigenous inhabitants


note: there are scattered garrisons occupied by personnel of several claimant states		 10,639,744 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line - 63% (1993 est.)
Population growth rate - 2.7% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors - none
Radio broadcast stations - AM 5, FM 6, shortwave 4 (2001)
Radios - 680,000 (1997)
Railways - 0 km (2002)
Religions - Muslim 80%, remainder indigenous beliefs and Christian
Sex ratio - at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 1.1 male(s)/female


total population: 1 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system - general assessment: small system of wire, radio telephone communications, and microwave radio relay links concentrated in the southwestern area of Niger


domestic: wire, radiotelephone communications, and microwave radio relay; domestic satellite system with 3 earth stations and 1 planned


international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use - 20,000 (2001)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 6,700 (2002)
Television broadcast stations - 3 (plus seven low-power repeaters) (2002)
Terrain flat predominately desert plains and sand dunes; flat to rolling plains in south; hills in north
Total fertility rate - 7 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate - NA%
Waterways - 300 km


note: the Niger River is navigable from Niamey to Gaya on the Benin frontier from mid-December through March
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